A Review of Effects of Environmental Change on Human Health

Abstract

Current knowledge production on the effects of environmental exposures on human health reflects technological, social and economic development broadly; theoretical and methodological advancements in social science and medicine more specifically. Human health and the welfare mainly rely on refurbishing and protecting the integrity of the natural systems such as fresh air, safe water, biodiversity, toxic waste management and proper land reform which upkeep life in the natural environment and abating the human impact that has a negative impact on ecologically sustainable development. A massive number of scientific evidence are available in the enlightenment of environmental health issues, however, scanty literatures are found covering economically valued effects of environmental change on communicable and non-communicable diseases. Ergo, this review paper has reviewed selected papers from 1990 to 2018 and tried to identify the research gaps in effect within some components of environmental health economic issues in South Asia and Nepal. More importantly, nationally representative economic evaluation of environmental effects (air pollution, water resource management, toxic pollutants and biodiversity loss) on human infectious and non-infectious diseases are the lack for the policymakers and economic evaluation of effects of climate change on health is the unreached area of researchers in Nepal. Moreover, none of the Nepal based scientific papers are found published regarding the association of climate change with malnutrition, rate of chemical exposure to dare human health and human stress including psychosocial factors Obtaining these unreached literatures are worthy of climate policy development and implementation in developing countries associating with universal health coverage.